Ground based FTIR and MAX-DOAS observations of greenhouse and trace gas emissions in the Rhine valley (Germany), St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg (Russia)

The anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants in the atmosphere have increased and worsened since the beginning of the industrial era, resulting in considerable impact on the environment and the atmosphere. Global warming, mainly caused by the anthropogenic emissions of CO$_2$ , is one of the most alarming and discussed consequences that keep the planet under threat of rising Earth temperatures above 1.5°C within the coming two decades (IPCC AR6 WG1, The Physical Science Basis, 2021). Pinning down the anthropogenic emissions of GHGs emission is a pending task that requires enormous political and societal efforts, will, and immediate actions. For several years this topic has been discussed on the transnational level. The negotiations translate into international agreements, the most recent being the Paris agreement in 2016. Therefore, precise and accurate methods for monitoring and quantifying those GHGs in the atmosphere are vital. Additionally, it is crucial to study the natural sources and sinks of GHGs into the atmosphere to understand climate change better and allow for reliable projections of their future under climate change conditions. Both applications require representative measurements, as achievable by remote sensing techniques. However, measuring relatively minor changes in column-averaged GHG concentrations on top of an extensive accumulated background requires high-accuracy instrumentation and calls for continuous efforts to improve the instrumental and data processing state-of-the-art. The work presented in this thesis encompasses the crucial topics mentioned before. In the first part, improved calibration procedures for the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON) are presented. COCCON is an emerging global network of portable EM27/SUN FTIR spectrometers for deriving precise and accurate column-averaged atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases. The original laboratory open-path lamp measurements for deriving the spectrometer\u27s instrumental line shape (ILS) from water vapour lines have been refined and extended to the second detector channel incorporated in the EM27/SUN spectrometer for the detection of carbon monoxide (CO). The refinements encompass improved spectroscopic line lists for the relevant water lines and a revision of the laboratory pressure measurements used to analyze the spectra. Finally, a revision and extension of the COCCON network instrument-to-instrument calibration factors for XCO$_{2}$, XCO, and XCH$_{4}$ is presented, incorporating 47 new spectrometers (of 83 in total by now). In the second part, the results of the city emission campaign carried out in St. Petersburg as a case study in Eastern Europe, aiming at empirically quantifying the CO$_2$, CO, and CH$_4$ city emissions, are presented and compared with available inventories sources. This campaign utilized two portable EM27/SUN FTIR instruments operated at daily variable locations based on St. Petersburg\u27s forecasted wind direction. After the mobile campaign, one instrument remained in a continuous mode of operation in Peterhof (a suburb of St. Petersburg), and the other instrument was moved to Yekaterinburg in 2019 and 2020. The collected measurements, during approximately one year, were analyzed, and the results are compared to all available satellite products (TROPOMI, OCO-2, GOSAT, and MUSICA IASI), showing generally good agreement with COCCON observations. As a final result, the gradients between both cities are analyzed and compared with Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) model data. Satellite and ground-based observations at high latitudes are much sparser than at low or mid-latitudes, which makes direct coincident comparisons between remote-sensing observations more difficult, but at the same time, assigns these measurements a great scientific value. The final chapter presents the results of the remote sensing measurements used for the study case region in the Rhine valley area. This area was selected due to the variety of the emission sources located in the surrounding: industry, urban, power, forest, and agricultural sectors. TCCON and MAX-DOAS observations were performed at KIT Campus North from 2019 to 2021 in order to investigate the ratios of column-averaged abundance ($\Delta$XCO/$\Delta$XCO$_2$ and $\Delta$NO$_{2,\text{VCD}}$/$\Delta$XCO$_2$) for separating the anthropogenic emissions of CO$_2$; the results were compared to the in-situ, and TNO high-resolution inventory data results. The $\Delta proxy / \Delta$ffCO$_2$ ratios found are in the range of the TNO emissions ratios corresponding to the industry sector, which is supported by the predominant wind direction, advecting air from an industrial area located in the South-West of the Campus. Several significant transport events have been detected

Dynamics of trace metal sorption by an ion-exchange chelating resin described by a mixed intraparticle/film diffusion transport model. The Cd/Chelex case

The time-evolution of Cd2+ ion sorption by Chelex 100 resin was studied in batch experiments as a function of time, pH, ionic strength, stirring rate, mass of resin and initial metal ion concentration. In the experimental conditions, the amount of resin sites are in excess with respect to the amount of metal ion, leading to extensive depletion of metal in bulk solution when equilibrium is reached. The data were described using a mixed control mass transport model in finite volume conditions (MCM) that includes explicitly both intraparticle and film diffusion steps. Exact numerical computations and a new approximate analytical expression of this model are reported here. MCM successfully predicts the influence of pH and ionic strength on the experimental Cd(II)/Chelex kinetic profiles (which cannot be justified by a pure film diffusion controlled mechanism) with a minimum number of fitting parameters. The overall diffusion coefficient inside the resin was modelled in terms of the Donnan factor and the resin/cation binding stability constant. The values of the latter coefficient as a function of pH and ionic strength were estimated from the Gibbs-Donnan model. Even though MCM is numerically more involved than models exclusively restricted to film or intraparticle diffusion control, it proves to be accurate in a wider range of values of the mass transfer Biot number and solution/resin metal ratios.The authors gratefully acknowledge support for this research from the Spanish Ministry MINECO (Projects CTM2013-48967 and CTM2016-78798) and by the “Comissionat d'Universitats i Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya” (2014SGR1132). FQ acknowledges a grant from AGAUR

Tratado de pintura

1 archivo PDF (134 páginas)En el Tratado de Pintura, Lean Battista Alberti dio la primera exposición sistemática (y en verdad la primera exposición escrita) de las reglas de la perspectiva del pintor, y al mismo tiempo dio a conocer la primera teoría de la pintura, fundando este arte en la experiencia visual y en su representación geométrica. El propósito de la perspectiva pictórica, como Alberti la definió, y después de él Leonardo da Vinci, Alberto Durero y todos aquellos que han escrito sobre la materia, es tratar el plano pictórico bidimensional como si fuera una ventana en la que aparece una escena en tres dimensiones

Procedimentos composicionais de Alexander Kluge em "Notícias da antiguidade ideológica" e seus paralelos com a tradição da Teoria Crítica

A obra audiovisual de Alexander Kluge Notícias da Antiguidade Ideológica - Marx, Eisenstein, “O Capital” (Nachrichten aus der ideologischen Antike – Marx, Eisenstein, “Das Kapital”) foi lançado em 2008. Contando com cerca de nove horas de duração mais extras, o projeto representa uma problematização da própria noção de filme. Tomando como ponto de partida, a ambição de Eisenstein de filmar O Capital, de Karl Marx, e a possível utilização do modelo do Ulysses, de James Joyce, para esta empreitada. No presente trabalho buscaremos apontar algumas de suas singularidades composicionais e suas implicações para a prática audiovisual contemporânea, relacionando ao legado da teoria crítica

Postembrionic development and reproductive parameters of the grasshopper pest Borellia bruneri (Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) under controlled conditions

Borellia bruneri, a common grasshopper in much of the grasslands of Argentina and Uruguay, is considered, according to the categories widely accepted for defining the pest status of grasshopper species, a “Frequent plague of importance”. In order to determine fundamental aspects of its biology and reproduction, three cohorts of B. bruneri were monitored under controlled conditions (30º C, 14L: 10D, 40% RH). The total duration of nymphal development was 50.6 days, both males and females having five nymphal instars. There was a significant difference in the duration of the different stages within each cohort. In the three cohorts, the first instar duration (12.87 days) was longer than the rest, approximately 5.6 days more than the second that was the shortest (7.26 days). The average longevity of female adults was 56.6 days, and in males, 54.4 days. The number of egg-pods per female was 3.5 and the amount of eggs per egg-pod was 10.8. Mean fecundity was 37.9 eggs per female with an oviposition rate of 1.20 eggs/female/day. Finally, knowing the life cycle of B. bruneri is relevant in order to optimize the control measures for this species.Fil: Mariottini, Yanina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; ArgentinaFil: de Wysiecki, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Alberti, A.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Lange, Carlos Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; Argentin

The distribution and ecological effects of the introduced Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) in Northern Patagonia

In this work we studied the actual coverage, distribution patterns and ecologic effects of the introduced oyster Crassostrea gigas 20 y after their introduction to the Northern Argentinean Patagonia (Bahia Anegada; 39º50´S to 40º40´S and 61º59 to 62º28 W). Using satellite imagery and field and aerial inspections we found 10 oyster beds that cover less than 0.05% of the bay intertidal (area covered: 36.45 ha). These beds are restricted to intertidal zones with superficial hard substrata (limestone outcrops). Most epifaunal organisms (the crabs Cyrtagrapsus angulatus, Chasmagnathus granulatus, the isopod Melita palmata. and the snail Heleobia australis) showed higher densities inside oyster beds compared with outside and experiments showed that artificially deployed oyster beds increased the densities of their at three intertidal zones (high intertidal marsh, low intertidal marsh. and low intertidal with hard substrata) and also increased densities of infaunal organisms (the polychaetes Laeonereis acuta, Nepthys fluviatilis, and the priapulid Priapulus tuberculatospinosus) at the low intertidal with hard substrata. This may be the result of increasing habitat structure and refuge for epifaunal organisms, and enhancement of deposition and sediment stability that may benefit infaunal organisms. Densities bird species (Local species: Larus dominicanus, Haematopus palliatits: Regional migratory shorebird: Charadrius falklandicus; Long range migratory shorebirds: Pluvialis dominica, Calidris canutus, Tringa flavipes) were higher inside oyster beds compared with similar zones without oysters, which may be the result of higher prey availability. Foraging rate was also higher for some of these species (P. dominica, C. falklandicus). However, due to the limited availability of hard substratum the distribution of oysters is small. In conclusion, no negative effects were observed as a result of this introduction. There was an increase in species abundance and the area was preferred by local and migratory bird species, which also showed higher feeding rates.Fil: Escapa, Carlos Mauricio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Isacch, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Daleo, Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Alberti, Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Iribarne, Oscar Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Borges, Mónica Elisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Dos Santos, Eder Paulo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; ArgentinaFil: Gagliardini, Domingo Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lasta, Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Subsede Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentin

Mejora en el proceso de control de accesos para personal tercerizado en la unidad Minera de San Rafael en Minsur

El presente documento detalla el desarrollo del proyecto de implementación del Sistema de Control de Accesos para personal tercerizado en una compañía peruana dedicada a la explotación y tratamiento de minerales, con operaciones en 4 unidades en Perú y 2 en Brasil. Uno de los valores organizacionales de la compañía es la seguridad, el objetivo del proyecto, alineado a este valor, fue implementar una solución que garantice la seguridad dentro de la principal unidad minera de la compañía, impidiendo la entrada a las instalaciones a personal que no cumpla con los requisitos establecidos por la compañía en concordancia con el marco legal vigente. Se logró contar con una solución que permitió estandarizar, integrar y optimizar el proceso por medio de una administración centralizada y especializada lo que permitió mayor fluidez y sobre todo mayor confiabilidad disminuyendo los riesgos de seguridad a los que está expuesta la compañía además de reducir el trabajo operativo. En el desarrollo se utilizó como referencia la metodología de gestión de proyecto PMI y sus 5 fases: Inicio, planificación, ejecución, control y cierre, las fases tuvieron una duración de 25 semanas y se implementó el sistema 2Personnel, líder en el sector minero en este proceso. Los resultados de haber estandarizado y automatizado el proceso de control de accesos en Minsur han sido favorables, se ha protegido a la compañía disminuyendo en un 80% el riesgo de incurrir en contingencias (condiciones de seguros, pólizas, contingencias laborales, entre otros.) asegurando así la continuidad operacional.This document details the development of the Access Control System implementation project for outsourced personnel in a Peruvian company dedicated to the exploitation and treatment of minerals, with operations in 4 units in Peru and 2 in Brazil. One of the organizational values of the company is safety, the objective of the project, aligned with this value, was to implement a solution that guarantees safety within the main mining unit of the company, preventing the entry of personnel who do not comply with the requirements established by the company in accordance with the current legal framework. It was possible to have a solution that allowed to standardize, integrate and optimize the process through a centralized and specialized administration, which allowed greater fluidity and above all greater reliability, reducing the security risks to which the company is exposed in addition to reducing work operational. In the development, the PMI project management methodology and its 5 phases were used as a reference: Start, planning, execution, control and closure, the phases had a duration of 25 weeks and the 2Personnel system was implemented, leader in the mining sector in This process. One of the main challenges faced was resistance to change, which was faced with a clear communication strategy. The implementation cost was 282 thousand dollars, and it had a functional team, IT team and a team of specialists in 2Personnel

Primary cerebral neoplasms associated with vascular malformations: anatomo-pathologic study of two cases

The association of intracerebral vascular malformations and primary cerebral neoplasm is rare. The most commonly found vascular malformation with neoplasm is intracranial arterial aneurysm. We describe two cases of vascular malformations associated with primary cerebral neoplasms, with histologic and immunohistochemical studies.A associação de malformações vasculares intracerebrais com neoplasias cerebrais primárias é rara. Mais comumente encontrados são os aneurismas arteriais intracranianos com neoplasias primárias. Relatamos dois casos de malformações vasculares associadas a neoplasias cerebrais primárias, com estudo histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico.Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Anatomia PatológicaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Anatomia PatológicaSciEL

Intravenous immunoglobulins may prevent prednisone-exacerbation in myasthenia gravis

Corticosteroids may produce a paradoxical worsening of myasthenia gravis (MG) symptoms within the first weeks of treatment. We therefore wanted to assess the hypothesis that a prior infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may have a protective effect. Our primary objectives were to show that the coadministration of immunoglobulins and glucocorticoids is safe and effective for controlling myasthenic symptoms, and to compare the exacerbation rate with this approach and historical practice without IVIG. We recruited 45 patients with generalized MG who required corticosteroids for the first time and we gave all IVIG before starting the full doses of prednisone. Monitoring was performed with validated scales, questionnaires, and blood tests over a 6-week period. Only 4.4% had severe adverse effects related to IVIG and 86.7% improved clinically. Notably, only 2.2% had a paradoxical symptom exacerbation in the first weeks of starting prednisone, which was statistically lower than the 42% reported in a historical series. We conclude that adjuvant therapy with IVIG when starting prednisone for the first time in patients with generalized MG is safe and effective. Given that the rate of paradoxical worsening was lower than that previously reported, the addition of IVIG may have a protective effect against such exacerbations